by Zulfan Nahruddin, Monalisa Ibrahim, Muh. Arifai, Muh Firyal Akbar, Sutrisman Basir
ABSTRACT
This study analyzes the involvement of actors in renewable energy utilization in South Sulawesi Province from a multi-level governance perspective. Using a qualitative approach through case studies, data were collected through interviews with state and non-state actors across levels of government and analysis of energy policy documents. The results show that renewable energy utilization is still dominated by the central government, while the role of local governments tends to be limited and administrative. Non-state actors play a dominant role in technical aspects, while community involvement is relatively passive. These findings indicate that renewable energy governance practices in the region do not fully reflect the principles of multi-level governance, necessitating the strengthening of local government roles and increased community involvement to support more inclusive and sustainable energy governance.
