by Luis Alfonso Moreno Corredor1*, Leonardo Quijano Brand2, Sandra Constanza Tiuzo Martínez
ABSTRACT
Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) account for 99.5% of Colombia’s business fabric, generate 79% of employment, and contribute approximately 40% of GDP. Their role in the transition to a sustainable economy is decisive given their penetration across all productive sectors. This article analyzes the environmental advances of Colombian MSMEs during the period 2013–2023, examining the regulatory framework, adopted practices, eco-innovation outcomes, and remaining challenges. A systematic literature review methodology is applied, including documentary analysis of public policies, sector surveys, and indexed academic research. Results show significant normative progress—with milestones such as Law 1819 of 2016, the Climate Action Law (2021), and CONPES 4129—and measurable practical advances: 76% of SMEs had adopted at least one environmental action by the close of the period. However, structural gaps persist: only 29% have formalized environmental plans. The study concludes that progress is real but insufficient, and that deeper institutional coordination is needed to achieve an inclusive green transition.
