by Darwin Suárez Ariza, Dora Marcela Benítez Ramírez
ABSTRACT
The Upper Basin of the Chicamocha River (CARCh) is characterized by a length of 104 km and the incorporation of 24 municipalities. This region is of significant economic importance to Colombia. It is situated in the eastern Andes mountain range in the center of Boyacá. The region’s climate and soil are shaped by the water supply, and it is the center of food security for the country. Consequently, as the climate undergoes changes, the basin also experiences alterations, influenced by human activities since the last century. The CARCh is situated within the equatorial zone, rendering it subjects to the influence of the Intertropical Confluence Zone (ITCZ). Climate variability due to ENSO is also a factor. The exacerbating factors of this variability include deforestation practices, increases in atmospheric emissions and artificialized territories, and changes in land use. This issue changes how meteorological variables affect the normal hydrological cycle in the region. The observed alterations, manifesting as elevated precipitation levels, have a pervasive impact on the entire region, giving rise to recurrent and substantial river flooding. This study analyzes the meteorological conditions of the last two decades and their correlation with floods in the CARCh. To this end, the study examines historical flood records from the Disaster Risk Management Unit of the Department of Boyacá and meteorological data from five stations operated by the Institute of Hydrology. Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM). What is the most effective approach to studying the meteorological phenomena and fluvial flooding within a river basin? The weather is highly unpredictable. The ambient temperature can vary significantly, ranging from extremely high to extremely low. In certain instances, the river’s height is particularly pronounced, a phenomenon that is particularly evident during La Niña conditions. This phenomenon can occur in specific regions or across the entire basin. It serves as the primary conduit through which individuals, institutions, the government, and researchers access information. It is also a valuable resource that can be utilized in other basins.
